Green party ideology today: divergences and continuities in Germany, France and Britain

In much of western Europe, Green parties have persisted for three decades or more. Many of these parties have undergone a series of transformations. Some have achieved significant electoral successes and have even participated in national government; others have remained on the fringes of national political life; many have lost several aspects of their organisational distinctiveness in the process of their development. Nevertheless, it is still possible to speak of a partial continuity across time in terms of party membership and organisation (see other chapters in this volume). But what of Green party ideology? Today, is it appropriate to speak of a single Green ‘party family’ in ideological terms? [Opening paragraph]