A Bi-objective Scheduling Approach for Energy Optimisation of Executing and Transmitting HPC Applications in Decentralised Multi-cloud Systems

[First paragraph] The advent of cloud computing, although it greatly supports virtualised environments for applications to be executed efficiently in low-cost hosting, has turned energy wasting and overconsumption issues into major concerns. Cloud infrastructure is built upon a large number of servers, including high performance computing (HPC) and massive storage devices, that need huge energy supplies. In addition, it raises a concern regarding the reliability of resource utilisation, as cloud resources are naturally prone to failures [1].