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A snapshot of the transition from monogenetic volcanoes to composite volcanoes: case study on the Wulanhada Volcanic Field (northern China)

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posted on 2024-05-22, 12:57 authored by Diao Luo, Marc K Reichow, Tong Hou, M Santosh, Zhaochong Zhang, Meng Wang, Jingyi Qin, Daoming Yang, Ronghao Pan, Xudong Wang, François Holtz, Roman Botcharnikov

The transition processes from monogenetic volcanoes to composite volcanoes are poorly understood. The Late Pleistocene to Holocene intraplate monogenetic Wulanhada Volcanic Field (WVF) in northern China provides a snapshot of such a transition. Here we present petrographic observations, mineral chemistry, bulk rock major and trace element data, thermobarometry, and a partial melting model for the WVF to evaluate the lithology and partial melting degree of the mantle source, the crystallization conditions, and pre-eruptive magmatic processes occurring within the magma plumbing system. The far-field effect of India–Eurasia collision resulted in a relatively high degree (10 %–20 %) of partial melting of a carbonate-bearing eclogite (∼ 3 wt % carbonate; Gt/Cpx ≈ 2 : 8, where Gt denotes garnet and Cpx denotes clinopyroxene) followed by interaction with ambient peridotite. The primary melts ascended to the depth of the Moho (∼ 33–36 km depth), crystallized olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase at the temperature of 1100–1160 ∘C with the melt water contents of 1.1 wt %–2.3 wt %. Part of the primary melt interacted with the lithospheric mantle during ascent, resulting in an increase in the MgO contents and a decrease in the alkaline contents. The modified magma was subsequently directly emplaced into the middle crust (∼ 23–26 km depth) and crystallized olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase at the temperature of 1100–1160 ∘C. The primary melts from the same mantle sources migrated upward to the two-level magma reservoirs to form minerals with complex textures (including reverse and oscillatory zoning and sieve texture). Magma erupted along the NE–SW-striking basement fault and the NW–SE-striking Wulanhada–Gaowusu fault in response to the combined effects of regional tectonic stress and magma replenishment. The crustal magma reservoir in the WVF may represent a snapshot of the transition from monogenetic volcanoes to composite volcanoes. It is possible to form a composite volcano with large magma volumes and complex compositions if the magma is continuously supplied from the source and experiences assimilation and fractional crystallization processes in the magma plumbing system at crustal depth.

History

Author affiliation

College of Science & Engineering/Geography, Geology & Environment

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

European Journal of Mineralogy

Volume

34

Issue

5

Pagination

469 - 491

Publisher

Copernicus GmbH

issn

0935-1221

eissn

1617-4011

Copyright date

2022

Available date

2024-05-22

Language

en

Deposited by

Dr Marc Reichow

Deposit date

2024-05-01

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