Association between kidney function, frailty and receipt of invasive management after acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundReduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with lower use of invasive management and increased mortality after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The reasons for this are unclear.MethodsA retrospective clinical cohort study was performed using data from the English National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative (2010–2017). Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate whether eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m2was associated with conservative ACS management and test whether (a) differences in care could be related to frailty and (b) associations between eGFR and mortality could be related to variation in revascularisation rates.ResultsAmong 10 205 people with ACS, an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73m2was found in 25%. Strong inverse linear associations were found between worsening eGFR category and receipt of invasive management, on a relative and absolute scale. People with an eGFR <30 mL compared with ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2were half as likely to receive coronary angiography (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.64) after non-ST-elevation (NSTE)-ACS and one-third as likely after STEMI (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.46), resulting in 15 and 17 per 100 fewer procedures, respectively. Following multivariable adjustment, the ORs for receipt of angiography following NSTE-ACS were 1.05 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.27), 0.98 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.26), 0.76 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.01) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.77) in eGFR categories 60–89, 45–59, 30–44 and <30, respectively. After STEMI, the respective ORs were 1.20 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.71), 0.77 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.24), 0.33 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.56) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.48) (p<0.001 for linear trends). ORs were unchanged following adjustment for frailty. A positive association between the worse eGFR category and 30-day mortality was found (test for trend p<0.001), which was unaffected by adjustment for frailty.ConclusionsIn people with ACS, lower eGFR was associated with reduced receipt of invasive coronary management and increased mortality. Adjustment for frailty failed to change these observations. Further research is required to explain these disparities and determine whether treatment variation reflects optimal care for people with low eGFR.Trial registration numberNCT03507309.