Salzano A Biomarkers in HF 2021 (1).pdf (1.43 MB)
Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Clinical Insights
journal contribution
posted on 2021-07-13, 14:37 authored by A Salzano, R D'Assante, MZ Israr, M Eltayeb, A D'Agostino, D Bernieh, M De Luca, S Rega, B Ranieri, C Mauro, E Bossone, IB Squire, T Suzuki, AM MarraHeart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities and resulting from impaired cardiac output or an in-crease of intracardiac pressures at rest and/or during stress. Typical signs and symptoms of HF include ankle swelling, fatigue, dyspnea and peripheral edema, pulmonary crackles, or increased jugular venous pressure. Usually, patients with ejection fraction (EF) greater than or equal to 50% are defined as HF with preserved EF, where as those with EF less than 40% have HF with reduced EF. Patients with EF between 40% and 49% are now classified as HF with midrange EF.
History
Citation
Heart Failure Clinics Volume 17, Issue 2, April 2021, Pages 223-243Author affiliation
Department of Cardiovascular SciencesVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)