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Cochleatina: an enigmatic Ediacaran–Cambrian survivor among small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs).

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journal contribution
posted on 2021-07-01, 22:12 authored by Ben J Slater, Thomas Harvey, Andrey Bekker, Nicholas J Butterfield
Conspicuously few body-fossil taxa are known to span the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary, a pattern usually taken to signal either a terminal Proterozoic mass extinction, or taphonomic failure. We draw attention to the emerging record of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs), which exhibit continuous preservation spanning this critical interval. Here we focus on the enigmatic SCF Cochleatina, a morphologically complex coil-shaped problematicum that ranges across the Ediacaran–Cambrian divide, and is potentially among the oldest fossil occurrences of metazoans. We report new material of Cochleatina canilovica from the Ediacaran of Estonia and Ukraine, which offers new characters for assessing its palaeobiology. Significantly, new specimens include sets of three-alike triplets of Cochleatina adhering to organic sheets, suggesting a clustering habit, or grouping of elements within an individual during life; an important step in constraining the morphology and ecology of this Ediacaran–Cambrian problematicum. We present revised systematic descriptions for Cochleatina and C. canilovica, and critically evaluate previous biological interpretations, drawing comparisons with metazoan, algal and protistan analogues. We reject hypotheses supporting Cochleatina as a metazoan mouthpart, and suggest new grounds for viewing Cochleatina as a potential multicomponent predator that trapped protists among microbial mats. Most occurrences are from Baltica, but we synthesize sporadic reports of Cochleatina from other palaeocontinents, pointing to its global distribution during the latest ˜10 myr of the Ediacaran and majority of the earliest Cambrian Fortunian Stage. As a rare example of an ‘Ediacaran survivor’, Cochleatina highlights the broader significance of SCFs as a novel means of tracking evolutionary patterns through the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition.

Funding

This research was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council, UK, grant NE/K005251/1 (BJS, THPH, NJB).

History

Citation

Palaeontology, Vol. 63, Part 5, 2020, pp. 733–752

Author affiliation

School of Geography, Geology & the Environment

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Palaeontology

Volume

63

Issue

5

Pagination

733 - 752

Publisher

Wiley

issn

0031-0239

eissn

1475-4983

Acceptance date

2020-03-06

Copyright date

2020

Available date

2021-07-01

Language

English