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Comparative efficacy, safety, and cardiovascular outcomes with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Insights from the SUSTAIN 1-7 trials

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posted on 2019-03-29, 09:52 authored by VR Aroda, A Ahmann, B Cariou, F Chow, MJ Davies, E Jódar, R Mehta, V Woo, I Lingvay
In individuals with type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factor management reduces the likelihood of late-stage diabetic complications. Guidelines recommend treatment goals targeting HbA1c, body weight, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Development of new treatments for type 2 diabetes requires an understanding of their mechanism and efficacy, as well as their relative effects compared to other treatment choices, plus demonstration of cardiovascular safety. Subcutaneous semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist currently approved in several countries for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide works via the incretin pathway, stimulating insulin and inhibiting glucagon secretion from the pancreatic islets, leading to lower blood glucose levels. Semaglutide also decreases energy intake by reducing appetite and food cravings, and lowering relative preference for fatty, energy-dense foods. Semaglutide was evaluated in the SUSTAIN clinical trial program in over 8000 patients across the spectrum of type 2 diabetes. This review details the efficacy and safety profile of semaglutide in the SUSTAIN 1-5 and 7 trials, and its cardiovascular safety profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Semaglutide consistently demonstrated superior and sustained glycemic control and weight loss vs all comparators evaluated. In SUSTAIN 6, involving patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, semaglutide significantly decreased the occurrence of cardiovascular events compared with placebo/standard of care (hazard ratio 0.74, P < 0.001 for non-inferiority). Through a comprehensive phase 3 clinical trial program, we have a detailed understanding of semaglutide's efficacy, safety, cardiovascular effects and comparative role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Funding

This work was funded by Novo Nordisk A/S, which also had a role in the review of the manuscript for scientific accuracy.

History

Citation

Diabetes Metab, 2019, in press

Author affiliation

/Organisation/COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES/School of Medicine/Diabetes Research Centre

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Published in

Diabetes Metab

Publisher

Elsevier Masson for Association de Langue Française pour l'Étude du Diabète et des Maladies Métaboliques (ALFEDIAM)

eissn

1878-1780

Acceptance date

2018-12-16

Copyright date

2018

Publisher version

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1262363618302222?via=ihub#!

Notes

The file associated with this record is under embargo until 12 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above.

Language

en

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