Design and implementation of a beam-steering antenna array using butler matrix feed network for X-band applications

This article proposes the design, simulation, fabrication and testing of a beam steerable antenna array using a 4 × 4 Butler Matrix feed network technique. The proposed antenna is developed to operate at the X band frequency range. The integrated antenna array and the Butler Matrix feed network operating at 10 GHz has a bandwidth of approximately 2 GHz with an achieved gain of 12 dBi. The main beam pattern of the antenna array is switched between four directions (+10°, −38°, +38°, −10°) providing an effective coverage of over 100°. The proposed antenna has the advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, and simplicity.