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Dietary constraints of phytosaurian reptiles revealed by dental microwear textural analysis

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journal contribution
posted on 2021-09-08, 14:55 authored by Jordan Bestwick, Andrew Jones, Mark Purnell, Richard Butler
Phytosaurs are a group of large, semi-aquatic archosaurian reptiles from the Middle–Late riassic. They have often been interpreted as carnivorous or piscivorous due to their large size, morphological similarity to extant crocodilians and preservation in fluvial, lacustrine and coastal deposits. However, these dietary hypotheses are difficult to test, meaning that phytosaur ecologies and their roles in Triassic food webs remain incompletely constrained. Here, we apply dental microwear textural analysis to the three-dimensional sub-micrometre scale tooth surface textures that form during food consumption to provide the first quantitative dietary constraints for five species of phytosaur. We furthermore explore the impacts of tooth position and cranial robustness on phytosaur microwear textures. We find subtle systematic texture differences between teeth from different positions along phytosaur tooth rows, which we interpret to be the result of different loading pressures experienced during food consumption, rather than functional partitioning of food processing along tooth rows. We find rougher microwear textures in morphologically robust taxa. This may be the result of seizing and processing larger prey items compared to those captured by gracile taxa, rather than dietary differences per se. We reveal relatively low dietary diversity between our study phytosaurs and that individual species show a lack of dietary specialisation. Species are predominantly carnivorous and/or piscivorous, with two taxa exhibiting slight preferences for ‘harder’ invertebrates. Our results provide strong evidence for higher degrees of ecological convergence between phytosaurs and extant crocodilians than previously appreciated, furthering our understanding of the functioning and evolution of Triassic ecosystems.

Funding

NERC studentship awarded through the Central England NERC Training Alliance. Grant Number: NE/L002493/1

University of Leicester

University of Birmingham

Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant. Grant Number: RPG-2019-364

History

Citation

Palaeontology, Volume 64, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 119-136

Author affiliation

Centre for Palaeobiology Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment,

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Palaeontology

Volume

64

Issue

1

Pagination

119-136

Publisher

Wiley

issn

0031-0239

Acceptance date

2020-09-28

Copyright date

2020

Available date

2021-09-08

Language

en

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