First ALMA Millimeter-wavelength Maps of Jupiter, with a Multiwavelength Study of Convection

This research was supported by NASA's Planetary Astronomy (PAST) award NNX14AJ43G and Solar System Observations (SSO) award 80NSSC18K1001 to the University of California, Berkeley. C.M. was supported in part by the NRAO Student Observing Support (SOS) Program. M.W. and G.B. were supported in part by Solar System Observations (SSO) award SSO NNX15AJ41G. L.F. was supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship and European Research Council Consolidated Grant at the University of Leicester. J.S. and R.C. were supported by NASA Postdoctoral Fellowships. G.O. and J.S. were also supported by a contract between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology and NASA. We thank Andrew S. Wetzel (Clemson University) for his help in reducing the Keck/NIRSPEC data. This paper makes use of ALMA data 2016.1.00701.S and VLA data VLA/16B-048. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The data can be downloaded from the ALMA Archive. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research was partially based on thermal-infrared observations acquired at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) Paranal UT3/Melipal Observatory (098.C–0681(C) and 098.C–0681(D)); all data are available via the ESO science archive. The research was also in part based on Gemini data (GN-2016B-FT-18). The Gemini observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Min