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Hypoglycaemia detection and prediction techniques: A systematic review on the latest developments

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journal contribution
posted on 2021-04-20, 14:35 authored by Omar Diouri, Monika Cigler, Martina Vettoretti, Julia K Mader, Pratik Choudhary, Eric Renard, HYPO‐RESOLVE Consortium
The main objective of diabetes control is to correct hyperglycaemia while avoiding hypoglycaemia, especially in insulin‐treated patients. Fear of hypoglycaemia is a hurdle to effective correction of hyperglycaemia because it promotes under‐dosing of insulin. Strategies to minimise hypoglycaemia include education and training for improved hypoglycaemia awareness and the development of technologies to allow their early detection and thus minimise their occurrence. Patients with impaired hypoglycaemia awareness would benefit the most from these technologies. The purpose of this systematic review is to review currently available or in‐development technologies that support detection of hypoglycaemia or hypoglycaemia risk, and identify gaps in the research. Nanomaterial use in sensors is a promising strategy to increase the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring devices for low glucose values. Hypoglycaemia is associated with changes on vital signs, so electrocardiogram and encephalogram could also be used to detect hypoglycaemia. Accuracy improvements through multivariable measures can make already marketed galvanic skin response devices a good noninvasive alternative. Breath volatile organic compounds can be detected by dogs and devices and alert patients at hypoglycaemia onset, while near‐infrared spectroscopy can also be used as a hypoglycaemia alarms. Finally, one of the main directions of research are deep learning algorithms to analyse continuous glucose monitoring data and provide earlier and more accurate prediction of hypoglycaemia. Current developments for early identification of hypoglycaemia risk combine improvements of available ‘needle‐type’ enzymatic glucose sensors and noninvasive alternatives. Patient usability will be essential to demonstrate to allow their implementation for daily use in diabetes management.

Funding

Innovative Medicines Initiative. Grant Number: 777460

History

Author affiliation

Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews

Publisher

Wiley

issn

1520-7552

eissn

1520-7560

Acceptance date

2021-01-28

Copyright date

2021

Available date

2021-04-20

Language

en

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