Identifying characteristics of UK university students at risk of developing adverse markers of health and related behaviours across one year at university: a latent transition approach

Abstract Introduction University students are a population notorious for developing adverse markers of health and related behaviours that can have negative consequences for current and future health status. However, there is a dearth of literature devoted to identifying students at greater risk of developing poorer health-related outcomes. The current study aimed to identify characteristics of UK university students at risk of developing adverse markers of health and related behaviours across one year at university. Methods Four hundred and thirty-eight students completed an online self-report survey to assess markers of health and related behaviours in term one (October) and term three (April) in one of three academic years (2021–22, 2022–23, and 2023–24). Latent Profile Transition analysis was employed to generate health-related profiles and assess transitions over time. Results Four latent profiles were detected, largely influenced by physical activity behaviours and psychological markers. The majority of students were identified in profiles considered as less healthy and remained in those profiles over time. Women and trans and gender diverse (TGD) students, and students in their second year at university were at greatest risk of being in, and remaining in, less healthful profiles. Conclusions Most students identify and remain in less healthful profiles throughout the academic year. Students that transition between profiles are more likely to transition to less healthful profiles. Work to develop bespoke interventions aimed at students with higher-risk demographic characteristics should now be prioritised.