Impact of exercise training in combination with dapagliflozin on physical function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for the Dapagliflozin, Exercise Training and physicAl function (DETA) randomised controlled trial

IntroductionSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are associated with weight loss, diverse cardiorenal benefits and improved glycaemic control. However, the effects of SGLT2i on physical function and fitness are uncertain. The Dapagliflozin, Exercise Training and physicAl function trial investigates whether the SGLT2i dapagliflozin, alone or in combination with structured exercise training, improves physical function compared with diet-induced weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), overweight/obesity and impaired physical function.Methods and analysisThis single-centre randomised controlled trial will assign 1:1:1, 135 adults with T2DM and low physical function to receive one of three treatments: (1) dapagliflozin (10 mg once-daily) alone, (2) dapagliflozin (10 mg once-daily) plus structured exercise training or (3) diet control (where participants are supported to achieve 3% weight loss, equivalent to estimated weight loss with dapagliflozin treatment). Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the difference in physical function, assessed using the modified Physical Performance Test, between the treatment groups and diet control at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include MRI-measured cardiac structure and function, maximal aerobic capacity, resting metabolic rate, device-measured physical activity and sleep, body composition, haemoglobin A1c and cardiovascular risk markers.Ethics and disseminationThe Heath Research Authority (HRA) and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) Research Ethics Committee have approved the study. The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN11459997.EudraCT number2019-004586-41.