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Increasing uptake of structured self-management education programmes for type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting: A feasibility study

journal contribution
posted on 2020-04-20, 15:03 authored by melanie Davies, caroline Kristunas, Lisa Huddlestone, Abualbishr Alshreef, Danielle Bodicoat, Simon Dixon, Helen Eborall, Agnieszka Glab, Nicky Hudson, Kamlesh Khunti, Graham Martin, Alison Northern, Mike Patterson, Rebecca Pritchard, Sally Schreder, Bernie Stribling, Jessica Turner, Laura Gray

Abstract

Background:

Structured self-management education (SSME) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improves biomedical and psychological outcomes, whilst being cost-effective. Yet uptake in the UK remains low. An “Embedding Package” addressing barriers and enablers to uptake at patient, healthcare professional and organisational levels has been developed. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of conducting a subsequent randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the Embedding Package in primary care, using a mixed methods approach.

Methods:

A concurrent mixed-methods approach was adopted. Six general practices in the United Kingdom were recruited and received the intervention (the Embedding Package). Pseudonymised demographic, biomedical and SSME data were extracted from primary care medical records for patients recorded as having a diagnosis of T2DM. Descriptive statistics assessed quantitative data completeness and accuracy. Quantitative data were supplemented and validated by a patient questionnaire, for which two recruitment methods were trialled. Where consent was given, the questionnaire and primary care data were linked and compared. The cost of the intervention was estimated. An integrated qualitative study comprising ethnography and stakeholder and patient interviews explored the process of implementation, sustainability of change and ‘fit’ of the intervention. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic framework guided by Normalisation Process Theory (NPT).

Results:

Primary care data were extracted for 2877 patients. The primary outcome for the RCT, HbA1c, was over 90% complete. Questionnaires were received from 423(14.7%)participants, with postal invitations yielding more participants than GP prompts. Ninety-one percent of questionnaire participants consented to data linkage. The mean cost per patient for the Embedding Package was £8.94, over a median follow up of 162.5 days. Removing the development cost, this reduces to £5.47 per patient. Adoption of ethnographic and interview methods in the collection of data was appropriate and the use of NPT, while challenging, enhanced understanding of the implementation process. The need to delay the collection of patient interview data to enable the intervention to inform patient care was highlighted.

Conclusions:

It is feasible to collect data with reasonable completeness and accuracy for the subsequent RCT, although refinement to improve the quality of the data collected will be undertaken. Based on resource use data collected, it was feasible to produce cost estimates for each individual component of the Embedding Package. The methods chosen to generate, collect, and analyse qualitative data were satisfactory, keeping participant burden low and providing insight into potential refinements of the Embedding Package and customisation of the methods for the RCT.

Trial registration:

ISRCTN,ISRCTN21321635, Registered 07/07/2017–retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN213216353940

Funding

This project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research (Increasing uptake of effective self-management education programmes for type 2 diabetes in multi-ethnic primary care settings RP-PG-1212-20004). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The Trial Sponsor is the University of Leicester uolsponsor@le.ac.uk

History

Citation

Pilot and Feasibility Studies (2020) In Press

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Published in

Pilot and Feasibility Studies

Publisher

BMC (part of Springer Nature)

eissn

2055-5784

Acceptance date

2020-04-17

Copyright date

2020

Publisher version

TBC

Language

en

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