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Investigating the Configurations in Cross-Shareholding: A Joint Copula-Entropy Approach

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posted on 2018-04-06, 15:12 authored by Roy Cerqueti, Giulia Rotundo, Marcel Ausloos
The complex nature of the interlacement of economic actors is quite evident at the level of the Stock market, where any company may actually interact with the other companies buying and selling their shares. In this respect, the companies populating a Stock market, along with their connections, can be effectively modeled through a directed network, where the nodes represent the companies, and the links indicate the ownership. This paper deals with this theme and discusses the concentration of a market. A cross-shareholding matrix is considered, along with two key factors: the node out-degree distribution which represents the diversification of investments in terms of the number of involved companies, and the node in-degree distribution which reports the integration of a company due to the sales of its own shares to other companies. While diversification is widely explored in the literature, integration is most present in literature on contagions. This paper captures such quantities of interest in the two frameworks and studies the stochastic dependence of diversification and integration through a copula approach. We adopt entropies as measures for assessing the concentration in the market. The main question is to assess the dependence structure leading to a better description of the data or to market polarization (minimal entropy) or market fairness (maximal entropy). In so doing, we derive information on the way in which the in- and out-degrees should be connected in order to shape the market. The question is of interest to regulators bodies, as witnessed by specific alert threshold published on the US mergers guidelines for limiting the possibility of acquisitions and the prevalence of a single company on the market. Indeed, all countries and the EU have also rules or guidelines in order to limit concentrations, in a country or across borders, respectively. The calibration of copulas and model parameters on the basis of real data serves as an illustrative application of the theoretical proposal.

History

Citation

Entropy, 2018, 20 (2), 134

Author affiliation

/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ARTS AND HUMANITIES/School of Business

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Published in

Entropy

Publisher

MDPI

issn

1099-4300

Acceptance date

2018-02-17

Copyright date

2018

Available date

2018-04-06

Publisher version

http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/2/134

Language

en

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