Jupiter's Hot Spots as observed by JIRAM-Juno: limb-darkening in thermal infrared

The Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument on board the Juno spacecraft performed repeated observations of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt (NEB) around the time of 12th Juno pericenter passage on April 1st 2018. The data consist of thermal infrared images and show, among other atmospheric features, two bright Hot Spots on the boundary between the NEB and the Equatorial zone. Night-time images of the same areas at different emission angles were used to constrain the trend of the limb-darkening function. Comparison with simulated observations, computed for different emission angles, total opacities, single scattering albedo ω0 and asymmetry parameter g suggest that ω0 ∼ 0.90±0.05 and g ∼ 0.37±0.15 provide best match with data. Subsequently, we computed the ω0 and g resulting from different size distributions, taking into account the complex refractive indices of ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) by Howett et al. [2007] and Ferraro et al., [1980]. Only the former dataset is marginally consistent with JIRAM observations. Similarly, ammonia and hydrazine barely reproduce the experimental data. Tholin, although not usually considered a realistic component for Jupiter's aerosols, provides a better match for particle radii between 0.7 and 1 μm, both as a pure material as well as a thick coating over NH4SH cores. Notably, this radius range is consistent with the mean radius of aerosols as estimated by Ragent et al., [1998] on the basis of Galileo Entry Probe data. Comparison with literature suggests that similar results can be achieved by a large variety of contaminants bearing C-N bounds.