Leisure-time Physical Activity and Life Expectancy in people with Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Depression.

BACKGROUND: Whether and to what extent leisure-time physical activity at the recommended levels of 150 minutes moderate activity is associated with survival in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression is unknown. METHODS: UK Biobank participants were classified into groups: (1) no disease; (2) diabetes; (3) cardiovascular disease (CVD); (4) depression; (5) diabetes and CVD; (6) diabetes and depression; (7) CVD and depression; (8) diabetes, CVD and depression. Leisure-time physical activity was categorised as active (meeting recommendations) or inactive. Survival models were applied to estimate life expectancy. RESULTS: 480,940 participants were included (median age, 58 years; 46% men; 95% white), of whom 74% with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression were inactive. During a mean follow-up of 7 years, 11006 deaths occurred. At age of 45 years, being physically active was associated with 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.93, 3.54) additional years of life compared to being inactive in participants with diabetes; corresponding estimate were 2.28 (1.40, 3.16) for CVD; 2.15 (0.05, 4.26) for diabetes and CVD; and 1.58 (1.27, 1.89) for no disease. Participants with a combination of diabetes, CVD and depression, being active was associated with 6.81 (-1.50, 15.31) additional years compared to being inactive; corresponding estimates were 3.07 (-2.46, 8.59) for diabetes and depression; 2.34 (-1.24, 5.91) for CVD and depression; and 0.80 (-0.46, 2.05) for depression. A similar pattern was found at 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Meeting the recommended level of physical activity was associated with a longer life expectancy in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity but not in those with depression.