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Long-term X-ray variability characteristics of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396

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posted on 2019-07-19, 15:34 authored by K Chaudhury, VR Chitnis, AR Rao, KP Singh, S Bhattacharyya, GC Dewangan, S Chakraborty, S Chandra, GC Stewart, K Mukerjee, RK Dey
We present the results of our study of the long-term X-ray variability characteristics of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396. We use data obtained from the AstroSat satellite along with light curves obtained from XMM–Newton and Swift–XRT. We use the 0.3–7.0 keV and 3–20 keV data, respectively, from the SXT and the LAXPC of AstroSat. The X-ray spectra in the 0.3–20 keV region are well fitted with a model consisting of a power law and a soft excess described by a thermal Compton emission with a large optical depth, consistent with the earlier reported results. We have examined the X-ray light curves in the soft and hard X-ray bands of the SXT and LAXPC, respectively, and find that the variability is slightly larger in the hard band. To investigate the variability characteristics of this source at different time-scales, we have used X-ray light curves obtained from XMM–Newton data (200 s to 100 ks range) and Swift–XRT data (1 to 100 d range) and find that there is evidence to suggest that the variability increases sharply at longer time-scales. We argue that the mass of the black hole in RE J1034+396 is likely to be ∼3 × 10^6 M⊙, based on the similarity of the observed quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) to the high-frequency QPO seen in the galactic black hole binary GRS 1915+105.

Funding

This publication uses data from the AstroSat mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). AstroSat observed this source as part of its SXT-guaranteed time program for AGN studies (PI: K. P. Singh). This work has used the data from the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) developed in a collaboration between TIFR, Mumbai, and the University of Leicester and the Large X-ray Proportional Counter Array (LAXPC) developed at TIFR, Mumbai. The SXT and LAXPC POCs at TIFR are thanked for verifying and releasing the data via the ISSDC data archive and providing the necessary software tools. This research has made use of the data and software obtained from NASAs High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), a service of Goddard Space Flight Center and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The use of the XRT DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC) is gratefully acknowledged. This work has made use of observations obtained with XMM–Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA member states and the USA (NASA). Partial support for the SXT UK–Indian collaboration was provided by the UKIERI programme of the British Council and Royal Society. Kishor Chaudhury expresses his profound gratitude to Dr. Samir Kumar Sarkar for teaching the data analysis procedure and special thanks to Dr. Arunava Bhadra for his valuable suggestions.

History

Citation

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018, 478 (4), pp. 4830-4836 (7)

Author affiliation

/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING/Department of Physics and Astronomy

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP), Royal Astronomical Society

issn

0035-8711

eissn

1365-2966

Acceptance date

2018-05-15

Copyright date

2018

Available date

2019-07-19

Publisher version

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/478/4/4830/5004857

Language

en