Loss of control in flight accident case study: icing-related tailplane stall

In January 2017, a business jet flew in Norway on a short repositioning flight with two pilots onboard, no passengers or cargo. Initially, the take-off proceeded as normal but as the landing gear was retracted both pilots observed that the airspeed was rapidly approaching the flap limiting speed of 200kts. When the flaps were fully retracted at a height of approximately 2,100ft above ground level, the crew experienced a violent nose-down pitch motion. Control was regained at a height of approximately 170ft above ground level and, following the accident, data from the flight data recorder showed that the aircraft experienced –2.62G during the pitch upset. A tailplane stall due to icing was suspected; however, the flight data recorder, being limited to 36 parameters, was not able to confirm this. For expediency during the accident investigation process, a simplified, linear flight dynamics model was developed using Matlab/Simulink to assess static and dynamic stability for a range of tailplane efficiency factors to simulate the effects of tailplane icing.