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Multi-wavelength observations of the EUV variable metal-rich white dwarf GD 394

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posted on 2019-05-20, 12:55 authored by DJ Wilson, BT Gaensicke, D Koester, O Toloza, JB Holberg, SP Preval, MA Barstow, C Belardi, MR Burleigh, SL Casewell, PW Cauley, P Chote, J Farihi, MA Hollands, KS Long, S Redfield
We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet and ground-based optical observations of the hot, metal-rich white dwarf GD 394. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observations in 1992-1996 revealed a 1.15d periodicity with a 25 percent amplitude, hypothesised to be due to metals in a surface accretion spot. We obtained phase-resolved HST/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) high-resolution far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra of GD 394 that sample the entire period, along with a large body of supplementary data. We find no evidence for an accretion spot, with the flux, accretion rate and radial velocity of GD 394 constant over the observed timescales at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. We speculate that the spot may have no longer been present when our observations were obtained, or that the EUV variability is being caused by an otherwise undetected evaporating planet. The atmospheric parameters obtained from separate fits to optical and ultraviolet spectra are inconsistent, as is found for multiple hot white dwarfs. We also detect non-photospheric, high-excitation absorption lines of multiple volatile elements, which could be evidence for a hot plasma cocoon surrounding the white dwarf.

Funding

DJW, BTG, PC, and MAH have received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 320964 (WDTracer). OT was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant. This paper is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program ID 13719. Support for KSL’s and JH’s effort on program ID 13719 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. The William Herschel Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Data for this paper have been obtained under the International Time Programme of the CCI (International Scientific Committee of the Observatorios de Canarias of the IAC). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research used ASTROPY, a community-developed core PYTHON package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration, 2013).

History

Citation

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 483(3), pp. 2941–2957

Author affiliation

/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING/Department of Physics and Astronomy

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP), Royal Astronomical Society

eissn

1365-2966

Acceptance date

2018-11-20

Copyright date

2018

Available date

2019-05-20

Publisher version

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/483/3/2941/5212327

Language

en

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