Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Aartsen, MG; Ackermann, M; Adams, J; Aguilar, JA; Ahlers, M; Ahrens, M; Al Samarai, I; Altmann, D; Andeen, K; Anderson, T; Ansseau, I; Anton, G; Arguelles, C; Auffenberg, J; Axani, S; Bagherpour, H; Bai, X; Barron, JP; Barwick, SW; Baum, V; Bay, R; Beatty, JJ; Tjus, JB; Becker, K-H; BenZvi, S; Berley, D; Bernardini, E; Besson, DZ; Binder, G; Bindig, D; Blaufuss, E; Blot, S; Bohm, C; Borner, M; Bos, F; Boser, S; Botner, O; Bourbeau, E; Bourbeau, J; Bradascio, F; Braun, J; Brenzke, M; Bretz, H-P; Bron, S; Brostean-Kaiser, J; Burgman, A; Busse, RS; Carver, T; Cheung, E; Chirkin, D; Christov, A; Clark, K; Classen, L; Coenders, S; Collin, GH; Conrad, JM; Coppin, P; Correa, P; Cowen, DF; Cross, R; Dave, P; Day, M; de Andre, JPAM; De Clercq, C; DeLaunay, JJ; Dembinski, H; De Ridder, S; Desiati, P; de Vries, KD; de Wasseige, G; de With, M; DeYoung, T; Diaz-Velez, JC; di Lorenzo, V; Dujmovic, H; Dumm, JP; Dunkman, M; Dvorak, E; Eberhardt, B; Ehrhardt, T; Eichmann, B; Eller, P; Evenson, PA; Fahey, S; Fazely, AR; Felde, J; Filimonov, K; Finley, C; Flis, S; Franckowiak, A; Friedman, E; Fritz, A; Gaisser, TK; Gallagher, J; Gerhardt, L; Ghorbani, K; Glauch, T; Glusenkamp, T; Goldschmidt, A; Gonzalez, JG; Grant, D; Griffith, Z; Haack, C; Hallgren, A; Halzen, F; Hanson, K; Hebecker, D; Heereman, D; Helbing, K; Hellauer, R; Hickford, S; Hignight, J; Hill, GC; Hoffman, KD; Hoffmann, R; Hoinka, T; Hokanson-Fasig, B; Hoshina, K; Huang, F; Huber, M; Hultqvist, K; Hunnefeld, M; Hussain, R; In, S; Iovine, N; Ishihara, A; Jacobi, E; Japaridze, GS; Jeong, M; Jero, K; Jones, BJP; Kalaczynski, P; Kang, W; Kappes, A; Kappesser, D; Karg, T; Karle, A; Katz, U; Kauer, M; Keivani, A; Kelley, JL; Kheirandish, A; Kim, J; Kim, M; Kintscher, T; Kiryluk, J; Kittler, T; Klein, SR; Koirala, R; Kolanoski, H; Kopke, L; Kopper, C; Kopper, S; Koschinsky, JP; Koskinen, DJ; Kowalski, M; Krings, K; Kroll, M; Kruckl, G; Kunwar, S; Kurahashi, N; Kuwabara, T; Kyriacou, A; Labare, M; Lanfranchi, JL; Larson, MJ; Lauber, F; Leonard, K; Lesiak-Bzdak, M; Leuermann, M; Liu, QR; Mariscal, CJL; Lu, L; Lunemann, J; Luszczak, W; Madsen, J; Maggi, G; Mahn, KBM; Mancina, S; Maruyama, R; Mase, K; Maunu, R; Meagher, K; Medici, M; Meier, M; Menne, T; Merino, G; Meures, T; Miarecki, S; Micallef, J; Momente, G; Montaruli, T; Moore, RW; Morse, R; Moulai, M; Nahnhauer, R; Nakarmi, P; Naumann, U; Neer, G; Niederhausen, H; Nowicki, SC; Nygren, DR; Pollmann, AO; Olivas, A; O'Murchadha, A; O'Sullivan, E; Palczewski, T; Pandya, H; Pankova, DV; Peiffer, P; Pepper, JA; de los Heros, CP; Pieloth, D; Pinat, E; Plum, M; Price, PB; Przybylski, GT; Raab, C; Radel, L; Rameez, M; Rauch, L; Rawlins, K; Rea, IC; Reimann, R; Relethford, B; Relich, M; Resconi, E; Rhode, W; Richman, M; Robertson, S; Rongen, M; Rott, C; Ruhe, T; Ryckbosch, D; Rysewyk, D; Safa, I; Salzer, T; Herrera, SES; Sandrock, A; Sandroos, J; Santander, M; Sarkar, S; Satalecka, K; Schlunder, P; Schmidt, T; Schneider, A; Schoenen, S; Schoneberg, S; Schumacher, L; Sclafani, S; Seckel, D; Seunarine, S; Soedingrekso, J; Soldin, D; Song, M; Spiczak, GM; Spiering, C; Stachurska, J; Stamatikos, M; Stanev, T; Stasik, A; Stein, R; Stettner, J; Steuer, A; Stezelberger, T; Stokstad, RG; Stossl, A; Strotjohann, NL; Stuttard, T; Sullivan, GW; Sutherland, M; Taboada, I; Tatar, J; Tenholt, F; Ter-Antonyan, S; Terliuk, A; Tilav, S; Toale, PA; Tobin, MN; Toennis, C; Toscano, S; Tosi, D; Tselengidou, M; Tung, CF; Turcati, A; Turley, CF; Ty, B; Unger, E; Usner, M; Vandenbroucke, J; Van Driessche, W; van Eijk, D; van Eijndhoven, N; Vanheule, S; van Santen, J; Vogel, E; Vraeghe, M; Walck, C; Wallace, A; Mallraff, M; Wandler, FD; Wandkowsky, N; Waza, A; Weaver, C; Weiss, MJ; Wendt, C; Werthebach, J; Westerhoff, S; Whelan, BJ; Whitehorn, N; Wiebe, K; Wiebusch, CH; Wille, L; Williams, DR; Wills, L; Wolf, M; Wood, J; Wood, TR; Woschnagg, K; Xu, DL; Xu, XW; Xu, Y; Yanez, JP; Yodh, G; Yoshida, S; Yuan, T; Abdollahi, S; Ajello, M; Angioni, R; Baldini, L; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bastieri, D; Bechtol, K; Bellazzini, R; Berenji, B; Bissaldi, E; Blandford, RD; Bonino, R; Bottacini, E; Bregeon, J; Bruel, P; Buehler, R; Burnett, TH; Burns, E; Buson, S; Cameron, RA; Caputo, R; Caraveo, PA; Cavazzuti, E; Charles, E; Chen, S; Cheung, CC; Chiang, J; Chiaro, G; Ciprini, S; Cohen-Tanugi, J; Conrad, J; Costantin, D; Cutini, S; D'Ammando, F; de Palma, F; Digel, SW; Di Lalla, N; Di Mauro, M; Di Venere, L; Dominguez, A; Favuzzi, C; Fukazawa, Y; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Gargano, F; Gasparrini, D; Giglietto, N; Giomi, M; Giommi, P; Giordano, F; Giroletti, M; Glanzman, T; Green, D; Grenier, IA; Grondin, M-H; Guiriec, S; Harding, AK; Hayashida, M; Hays, E; Hewitt, JW; Horan, D; Johannesson, G; Kadler, M; Kensei, S; Kocevski, D; Krauss, F; Kreter, M; Kuss, M; La Mura, G; Larsson, S; Latronico, L; Lemoine-Goumard, M; Li, J; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lovellette, MN; Lubrano, P; Magill, JD; Maldera, S; Malyshev, D; Manfreda, A; Mazziotta, MN; McEnery, JE; Meyer, M; Michelson, PF; Mizuno, T; Monzani, ME; Morselli, A; Moskalenko, IV; Negro, M; Nuss, E; Ojha, R; Omodei, N; Orienti, M; Orlando, E; Palatiello, M; Paliya, VS; Perkins, JS; Persic, M; Pesce-Rollins, M; Piron, F; Porter, TA; Principe, G; Raino, S; Rando, R; Rani, B; Razzano, M; Razzaque, S; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Renault-Tinacci, N; Ritz, S; Rochester, LS; Parkinson, PMS; Sgro, C; Siskind, EJ; Spandre, G; Spinelli, P; Suson, DJ; Tajima, H; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, Y; Thayer, JB; Thompson, DJ; Tibaldo, L; Torres, DF; Torresi, E; Tosti, G; Troja, E; Valverde, J; Vianello, G; Vogel, M; Wood, K; Wood, M; Zaharijas, G; Ahnen, ML; Ansoldi, S; Antonelli, LA; Arcaro, C; Baack, D; Babic, A; Banerjee, B; Bangale, P; de Almeida, UB; Barrio, JA; Gonzalez, JB; Bednarek, W; Berti, A; Bhattacharyya, W; Biland, A; Blanch, O; Bonnoli, G; Carosi, A; Carosi, R; Ceribella, G; Chatterjee, A; Colak, SM; Colin, P; Colombo, E; Contreras, JL; Cortina, J; Covino, S; Cumani, P; Da Vela, P; Dazzi, F; De Angelis, A; De Lotto, B; Delfino, M; Delgado, J; Di Pierro, F; Prester, DD; Dorner, D; Doro, M

Science_MMA_paper_2018-06-06.pdf (8.77 MB)

Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

journal contribution

posted on 2019-05-21, 10:20 authored by MG Aartsen, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, I Al Samarai, D Altmann, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Arguelles, J Auffenberg, S Axani, H Bagherpour, X Bai, JP Barron, SW Barwick, V Baum, R Bay, JJ Beatty, JB Tjus, K-H Becker, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, C Bohm, M Borner, F Bos, S Boser, O Botner, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, M Brenzke, H-P Bretz, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, RS Busse, T Carver, E Cheung, D Chirkin, A Christov, K Clark, L Classen, S Coenders, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, P Dave, M Day, JPAM de Andre, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, H Dembinski, S De Ridder, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, JC Diaz-Velez, V di Lorenzo, H Dujmovic, JP Dumm, M Dunkman, E Dvorak, B Eberhardt, T Ehrhardt, B Eichmann, P Eller, PA Evenson, S Fahey, AR Fazely, J Felde, K Filimonov, C Finley, S Flis, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, L Gerhardt, K Ghorbani, T Glauch, T Glusenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, D Grant, Z Griffith, C Haack, A Hallgren, F Halzen, K Hanson, D Hebecker, D Heereman, K Helbing, R Hellauer, S Hickford, J Hignight, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, T Hoinka, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hunnefeld, R Hussain, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, E Jacobi, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, K Jero, BJP Jones, P Kalaczynski, W Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, T Karg, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, A Keivani, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, J Kim, M Kim, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, T Kittler, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, L Kopke, C Kopper, S Kopper, JP Koschinsky, DJ Koskinen, M Kowalski, K Krings, M Kroll, G Kruckl, S Kunwar, N Kurahashi, T Kuwabara, A Kyriacou, M Labare, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, K Leonard, M Lesiak-Bzdak, M Leuermann, QR Liu, CJL Mariscal, L Lu, J Lunemann, W Luszczak, J Madsen, G Maggi, KBM Mahn, S Mancina, R Maruyama, K Mase, R Maunu, K Meagher, M Medici, M Meier, T Menne, G Merino, T Meures, S Miarecki, J Micallef, G Momente, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, R Nahnhauer, P Nakarmi, U Naumann, G Neer, H Niederhausen, SC Nowicki, DR Nygren, AO Pollmann, A Olivas, A O'Murchadha, E O'Sullivan, T Palczewski, H Pandya, DV Pankova, P Peiffer, JA Pepper, CP de los Heros, D Pieloth, E Pinat, M Plum, PB Price, GT Przybylski, C Raab, L Radel, M Rameez, L Rauch, K Rawlins, IC Rea, R Reimann, B Relethford, M Relich, E Resconi, W Rhode, M Richman, S Robertson, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, I Safa, T Salzer, SES Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, P Schlunder, T Schmidt, A Schneider, S Schoenen, S Schoneberg, L Schumacher, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, M Song, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, A Stasik, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, RG Stokstad, A Stossl, NL Strotjohann, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, M Sutherland, I Taboada, J Tatar, F Tenholt, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, S Tilav, PA Toale, MN Tobin, C Toennis, S Toscano, D Tosi, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, CF Turley, B Ty, E Unger, M Usner, J Vandenbroucke, W Van Driessche, D van Eijk, N van Eijndhoven, S Vanheule, J van Santen, E Vogel, M Vraeghe, C Walck, A Wallace, M Mallraff, FD Wandler, N Wandkowsky, A Waza, C Weaver, MJ Weiss, C Wendt, J Werthebach, S Westerhoff, BJ Whelan, N Whitehorn, K Wiebe, CH Wiebusch, L Wille, DR Williams, L Wills, M Wolf, J Wood, TR Wood, K Woschnagg, DL Xu, XW Xu, Y Xu, JP Yanez, G Yodh, S Yoshida, T Yuan, S Abdollahi, M Ajello, R Angioni, L Baldini, J Ballet, G Barbiellini, D Bastieri, K Bechtol, R Bellazzini, B Berenji, E Bissaldi, RD Blandford, R Bonino, E Bottacini, J Bregeon, P Bruel, R Buehler, TH Burnett, E Burns, S Buson, RA Cameron, R Caputo, PA Caraveo, E Cavazzuti, E Charles, S Chen, CC Cheung, J Chiang, G Chiaro, S Ciprini, J Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, D Costantin, S Cutini, F D'Ammando, F de Palma, SW Digel, N Di Lalla, M Di Mauro, L Di Venere, A Dominguez, C Favuzzi, Y Fukazawa, S Funk, P Fusco, F Gargano, D Gasparrini, N Giglietto, M Giomi, P Giommi, F Giordano, M Giroletti, T Glanzman, D Green, IA Grenier, M-H Grondin, S Guiriec, AK Harding, M Hayashida, E Hays, JW Hewitt, D Horan, G Johannesson, M Kadler, S Kensei, D Kocevski, F Krauss, M Kreter, M Kuss, G La Mura, S Larsson, L Latronico, M Lemoine-Goumard, J Li, F Longo, F Loparco, MN Lovellette, P Lubrano, JD Magill, S Maldera, D Malyshev, A Manfreda, MN Mazziotta, JE McEnery, M Meyer, PF Michelson, T Mizuno, ME Monzani, A Morselli, IV Moskalenko, M Negro, E Nuss, R Ojha, N Omodei, M Orienti, E Orlando, M Palatiello, VS Paliya, JS Perkins, M Persic, M Pesce-Rollins, F Piron, TA Porter, G Principe, S Raino, R Rando, B Rani, M Razzano, S Razzaque, A Reimer, O Reimer, N Renault-Tinacci, S Ritz, LS Rochester, PMS Parkinson, C Sgro, EJ Siskind, G Spandre, P Spinelli, DJ Suson, H Tajima, M Takahashi, Y Tanaka, JB Thayer, DJ Thompson, L Tibaldo, DF Torres, E Torresi, G Tosti, E Troja, J Valverde, G Vianello, M Vogel, K Wood, M Wood, G Zaharijas, ML Ahnen, S Ansoldi, LA Antonelli, C Arcaro, D Baack, A Babic, B Banerjee, P Bangale, UB de Almeida, JA Barrio, JB Gonzalez, W Bednarek, A Berti, W Bhattacharyya, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, A Carosi, R Carosi, G Ceribella, A Chatterjee, SM Colak, P Colin, E Colombo, JL Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, P Cumani, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, F Di Pierro, DD Prester, D Dorner, M Doro

Previous detections of individual astrophysical sources of neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017, we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of ~290 tera–electron volts. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known γ-ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multiwavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to γ-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy γ-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a γ-ray–emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.

Funding

IceCube Collaboration: The IceCube collaboration gratefully acknowledge the support from the following agencies and institutions: USA – U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), U.S. Department of Energy–National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and Astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University; Belgium – Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany – Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden – Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Australia – Australian Research Council; Canada – Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Québec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada; Denmark – Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF); New Zealand – Marsden Fund; Japan - Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea – National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland – Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Fermi-LAT collaboration: The Fermi-LAT Collab

History

Citation

Science, 2018, 361 (6398), pp. 146-+ (9)

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/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING/Department of Physics and Astronomy

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AM (Accepted Manuscript)

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Science

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American Association for the Advancement of Science

issn

0036-8075

eissn

1095-9203

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2018-06-08

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2018

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2019-05-21

Publisher DOI

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1378

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https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/eaat1378

Notes

Supplementary Materials www.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/eaat1378/suppl/DC1

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en

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https://leicester.figshare.com/account/articles/10219832

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Science & Technology Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI CRAB-NEBULA TELESCOPE MISSION PERFORMANCE SPECTROGRAPH ORIGIN

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Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

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