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NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune Transiting in the Desert

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posted on 2019-06-25, 14:32 authored by RG West, E Gillen, D Bayliss, MR Burleigh, L Delrez, MN Günther, ST Hodgkin, JAG Jackman, JS Jenkins, G King, J McCormac, LD Nielsen, L Raynard, AMS Smith, M Soto, O Turner, PJ Wheatley, Y Almleaky, DJ Armstrong, C Belardi, F Bouchy, JT Briegal, A Burdanov, J Cabrera, SL Casewel, A Chaushev, B Chazelas, P Chote, BF Cooke, S Csizmadia, E Ducrot, P Eigmüller, A Erikson, E Foxell, BT Gänsicke, M Gillon, MR Goad, E Jehin, G Lambert, ES Longstaff, T Louden, M Moyano, C Murray, D Pollacco, D Queloz, H Rauer, S Sohy, SJ Thompson, S Udry, SR Walker, CA Watson
We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34 d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M = 20.6 ± 3.0 M⊕ and radius R = 3.18 ± 0.26 R⊕, which places it well within the so-called ‘Neptunian Desert’. The mean density of the planet (3.45 ± 0.95 g cm−3) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H2O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13 ± 0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.

Funding

Based on data collected under the NGTS project at the ESO La Silla Paranal Observatory. The NGTS facility is operated by the consortium institutes with support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) project ST/M001962/1. This paper uses observations made at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO). The contributions at the University of Warwick by PJW, RGW, DLP, DJA, BTG, and TL have been supported by STFC through consolidated grants ST/L000733/1 and ST/P000495/1. Contributions at the University of Geneva by DB, FB, BC, LM, and SU were carried out within the framework of the National Centre for Competence in Research ‘PlanetS’ supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). The contributions at the University of Leicester by MRG and MRB have been supported by STFC through consolidated grant ST/N000757/1. CAW acknowledges support from the STFC grant ST/P000312/1. EG gratefully acknowledges support from Winton Philanthropies in the form of a Winton Exoplanet Fellowship. JSJ acknowledges support by Fondecyt grant 1161218 and partial support by CATA-Basal (PB06, CONICYT). DJA gratefully acknowledges support from the STFC via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/R00384X/1). PE and HR acknowledge the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 ‘Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets’ (RA 714/13-1). LD acknowledges support from the Gruber Foundation Fellowship. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the FP/2007–2013 ERC Grant Agreement number 336480 and from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, ID 327127). This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processi

History

Citation

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 486(4), pp. 5094–5103

Author affiliation

/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING/Department of Physics and Astronomy

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP), Royal Astronomical Society

eissn

1365-2966

Acceptance date

2019-03-05

Copyright date

2019

Available date

2019-06-25

Publisher version

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/486/4/5094/5475662

Notes

Supplementary data are available at MNRAS online. Table 1. Summary of NGTS photometry of NGTS-4. Table 3. HARPS Radial Velocities for NGTS-4.

Language

en

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