posted on 2017-11-24, 11:50authored byP. A. Evans, S. B. Cenko, J. A. Kennea, S. W. K. Emery, N. P. M. Kuin, O. Korobkin, R. T. Wollaeger, C. L. Fryer, K. K. Madsen, F. A. Harrison, Y. Xu, E. Nakar, K. Hotokezaka, A. Lien, S. Campana, S. R. Oates, E. Troja, A. A. Breeveld, F. E. Marshall, S. D. Barthelmy, A. P. Beardmore, D. N. Burrows, G. Cusumano, A. D'Ai, P. D'Avanzo, V. D'Elia, M. D. Pasquale, W. P. Even, C. J. Fontes, K. Forster, J. Garcia, P. Giommi, B. Grefenstette, C. Gronwall, D. H. Hartmann, M. Heida, A. L. Hungerford, M. M. Kasliwal, H. A. Krimm, A. J. Levan, D. Malesani, A. Melandri, H. Miyasaka, J. A. Nousek, P. T. O'Brien, J. P. Osborne, C. Pagani, K. L. Page, D. M. Palmer, M. Perri, S. Pike, J. L. Racusin, S. Rosswog, M. H. Siegel, T. Sakamoto, B. Sbarufatti, G. Tagliaferri, N. R. Tanvir, A. Tohuvavohu
With the first direct detection of merging black holes in 2015, the era of gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics began. A complete picture of compact object mergers, however, requires the detection of an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We report ultraviolet (UV) and x-ray observations by Swift and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) of the EM counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW 170817. The bright, rapidly fading ultraviolet emission indicates a high mass (≈ 0.03 solar masses) wind-driven outflow with moderate electron fraction (Ye ≈ 0.27). Combined with the x-ray limits, we favor an observer viewing angle of ≈30° away from the orbital rotation axis, which avoids both obscuration from the heaviest elements in the orbital plane and a direct view of any ultra-relativistic, highly collimated ejecta (a γ-ray burst afterglow).
Funding
Funding for the Swift mission in the UK is provided by the UK Space
Agency. SRO gratefully acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust Early
Career Fellowship (SRO). The Swift team at the MOC at Penn State
acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS5-00136. The Italian Swift team
acknowledge support from ASI-INAF grant I/004/11/3. SR has been supported
by the Swedish Research Council (VR) under grant number 2016- 03657_3, by
the Swedish National Space Board under grant number Dnr. 107/16 and by the
research environment grant “Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic
Astrophysical Transients (GREAT)” funded by the Swedish Research council
(VR) under Dnr 2016- 06012. This research used resources provided by the Los
Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program, which is
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security
Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. VLT data were
obtained under ESO program number 099.D-0668. NuSTAR acknowledges
funding from NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C. A.J.L. and N.R.T. acknowledge
funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 programme, grant number 725246. Researchers at Los Alamos
National Laboratory were supported by the National Nuclear Security
Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract number DEAC52-06NA25396.
SWKE is supported by a Science and Technology Facilities
Council studentship. The observations are archived at http://www.swift.ac.uk
for Swift and https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/nustar/nustar_archive.html
for NuSTAR, under the observation IDs given in Table S2. Reduced photometry
and surveyed areas are tabulated in the supplementary material. The boxfit
on November 24, 2017 http://science.sciencemag.org/ Downloaded from
First release: 16 October 2017 www.sciencemag.org (Page numbers not final at time of first release) 8
software is available at http://cosmo.nyu.edu/afterglowlibrary/boxfit201
History
Citation
Science, 2017,eaap9580
Author affiliation
/Organisation/COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING/Department of Physics and Astronomy
Version
AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Published in
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science