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TOI-431/HIP 26013: a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet

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posted on 2021-12-17, 16:17 authored by Ares Osborn, David J Armstrong, Bryson Cale, Rafael Brahm, Robert A Wittenmyer, Fei Dai, Ian JM Crossfield, Edward M Bryant, Vardan Adibekyan, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A Collins, E Delgado Mena, Malcolm Fridlund, Coel Hellier, Steve B Howell, George W King, Jorge Lillo-Box, Jon Otegi, S Sousa, Keivan G Stassun, Elisabeth C Matthews, Carl Ziegler, George Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W Latham, S Seager, Joshua N Winn, Jon M Jenkins, Jack S Acton, Brett C Addison, David R Anderson, Sarah Ballard, David Barrado, Susana CC Barros, Natalie Batalha, Daniel Bayliss, Thomas Barclay, Bjorn Benneke, John Berberian, Francois Bouchy, Brendan P Bowler, Cesar Briceno, Christopher J Burke, Matthew R Burleigh, Sarah L Casewell, David Ciardi, Kevin Collins, Benjamin F Cooke, Olivier DS Demangeon, Rodrigo F Diaz, C Dorn, Diana Dragomir, Courtney Dressing, Xavier Dumusque, Nestor Espinoza, P Figueira, Benjamin Fulton, E Furlan, E Gaidos, C Geneser, Samuel Gill, Michael R Goad, Erica J Gonzales, Varoujan Gorjian, Maximilian N Gunther, Ravit Helled, Beth A Henderson, Thomas Henning, Aleisha Hogan, Saeed Hojjatpanah, Jonathan Horner, Andrew W Howard, Sergio Hoyer, Dan Huber, Howard Isaacson, James S Jenkins, Eric LN Jensen, Andres Jordan, Stephen R Kane, Richard C Kidwell, John Kielkopf, Nicholas Law, Monika Lendl, M Lund, Rachel A Matson, Andrew W Mann, James McCormac, Matthew W Mengel, Farisa Y Morales, Louise D Nielsen, Jack Okumura, Hugh P Osborn, Erik A Petigura, Peter Plavchan, Don Pollacco, Elisa Quintana, Liam Raynard, Paul Robertson, Mark E Rose, Arpita Roy, Michael Reefe, Alexandre Santerne, Nuno C Santos, Paula Sarkis, J Schlieder, Richard P Schwarz, Nicholas J Scott, Avi Shporer, AMS Smith, C Stibbard, Chris Stockdale, Paul A Strom, Joseph D Twicken, Thiam-Guan Tan, A Tanner, J Teske, Rosanna H Tilbrook, CG Tinney, Stephane Udry, Jesus Noel Villasenor, Jose Vines, Sharon X Wang, Lauren M Weiss, Richard G West, Peter J Wheatley, Duncan J Wright, Hui Zhang, F Zohrabi
We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R, a mass of 9.90+1.53-1.49 M, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of 2.83+0.41-0.34 M, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.

History

Citation

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 507, Issue 2, October 2021, Pages 2782–2803, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2313

Author affiliation

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Published in

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Volume

507

Issue

2

Pagination

2782 - 2803

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP) for Royal Astronomical Society

issn

0035-8711

eissn

1365-2966

Acceptance date

2021-08-03

Copyright date

2021

Available date

2021-12-17

Language

English