The irregular pulse of the magnetosphere

First paragraph: The Earth's magnetosphere is a reservoir of energy, injected via interactions with the solar wind, a stream of plasma flowing from the Sun through space. With the solar wind flows the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which can wreak havoc all over the solar system. It regulates the energy that is unloaded into the inner parts of our magnetosphere and ionosphere, where it can have devastating effects on satellites, as well as power grids on the surface of the Earth. Even though this interaction can be dynamic and diverse, the focus here lies with understanding the most basic responses of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionospheric coupling and quantifying it.