Variation in the Pedersen Conductance Near Jupiter's Main Emission Aurora: Comparison of Hubble Space Telescope and Galileo Measurements

We present the first large‐scale statistical survey of the Jovian main emission (ME) to map auroral properties from their ionospheric locations out into the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere, where they are compared directly to in‐situ spacecraft measurements. We use magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) coupling theory to calculate currents from the auroral brightness as measured with the Hubble Space Telescope and from plasma flow speeds measured in‐situ with the Galileo spacecraft. The effective Pedersen conductance of the ionosphere remains a free parameter in this comparison. We calculate the Pedersen conductance from the combined data sets, and find it ranges from mho overall with averages of mho in the north and mho in the south. Considering the HST‐derived field‐aligned currents per radian of azimuth only, we find values of MA rad−1 and MA rad−1 in the north and south, respectively, in general agreement with previous results. Taking the currents and effective Pedersen conductance together, we find that the average ME intensity and plasma flow speed in the middle magnetosphere (10–30 RJ) are broadly consistent with one another under MI coupling theory. We find evidence for peaks in the distribution of near dawn, then again near 12 and 14 hr magnetic local time (MLT). This variation in Pedersen conductance with MLT may indicate the importance of conductance in modulating MLT‐ and local‐time‐asymmetries in the ME, including the apparent subcorotation of some auroral features within the ME.