Crowd Dynamics and its Consequences for Structural Stability

The modern footbridge has undergone a transformation, characterized by slimmer and longer designs, making vibration serviceability a critical consideration. However, the factors influencing stability in pedestrian-bridge structures and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This ambiguity is exacerbated by the autonomous and self-motivated nature of each pedestrian, presenting challenges in both crowd dynamics and structural engineering. This study introduces the Visually Guided Locomotion Model (VGLM) for pedestrian walking, along with quantitative evaluations. Tests, including the model test and an 8-pedestrian walking test, were conducted on the Malaysia Square Pedestrian Bridge, with subsequent collection and analysis of bridge response data. The study further involved simulations based on the VGLM, encompassing checks on synchronization strength indices. Unidirectional and bidirectional walking scenarios were simulated and evaluated, considering parameters such as crowd density and the number of pedestrians. To enhance the evaluation of crowd synchronization strength index levels, machine learning techniques were incorporated. Additionally, an Arduino Data Logger system was developed as a wearable sensor, enabling the capture of human motion. This comprehensive approach aims to shed light on the intricate relationship between pedestrian behaviour, crowd dynamics, and bridge response, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of vibration serviceability in modern footbridges.